Weft detecting system for convertible looms



Aug. 10, 1948, R. F. DION ET AL WEFT DETECTING SYSTEM FOR CONVERTIBLE LOOMS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1' Filed April 2, 1947 INVENTORS RAYMOND F. o/o/v WAL 115/ H. WAKEFIELD ATTORNEY R. F. DION ETAL WEFT DETECTING SYSTEM FOR CONVERTIBLE LOOMS Aug. 10, 1948.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 2, 1947 INVENTORS mama/v0 F. DION FIG.8

FIGQ'S.

WALTER H. WAKEFIELD ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 10, 1948 WEFT DETECTING SYSTEM FOR CON- VERTIBLE LOOMS Raymond F. Dion, Leominster, and Walter H.

Wakefield, Worcester, Mass,

assignors to Crompton & Knowles Loom Works, Worcester, Mass, a corporation of Massachusetts Application April 2, 1947, Serial No. 738,824

9 Claims. 1

This invention relates to improvements in weft detecting mechanisms for multi-shuttle looms constructed and operated in such manner as to permit ready conversion from the usual automatic 4 x 1 operation to filling mixing pick and pick automatic 2 x 2 operation.

In recent years weft replenishing looms have been made in such manner that they can be converted from one type of automatic operation to another so that the same loom can be used for the weaving fabrics having diverse Weft or the same weft pick and pick. One such loom can by suitable changes in some of its mechanism be adapted for four color 4 x 1 automatic weaving or plain color 2 X 2 filling mixing pick and pick weaving. In such a loom it has been necessary in the past to employ two different cams for operating the mechanism which utilizes indication of weft exhaustion to effect bobbin release and setting of the magazine for transfer.

It is an important object of the present invention to provide a weft detecting system adaptable to regular 4 x 1 automatic or filling mixing 2 x 2 automatic operation but requiring only one cam, thus eliminating one of the two cams heretofore required.

A multi-shuttle loom operating 4 X 1 automatic has one shuttle box at the magazine end and four boxes at the opposite end. It also has two pick cam on the bottom shaft which effects down movement of a magazine actuating lever when the shuttle is detected at the magazine side, and then up movement of the lever on the next pick when the shuttle is at the opposite side of the loom. If the detected shuttle is depleted of weft the first movement of the lever immediately initiates replenishment and the second movement sets the magazine for transfer. The whole operation from indication of exhaustion to completion of transfer is completed in a two-pick interval.

When the loom is set for 2 x 2 filling mixing pick and pick automatic operation it will have two shifting shuttle boxes at each side thereof moving in such order as to place three shuttles in action in rotation one after the other. The cycle of box shifting and shuttle movement is such that if a depleted shuttle is moved to inactive detecting position on the side opposite the magazine it will not be in position for replenishment at the magazine end until four picks later. When a two-pick cam usable in 4 x 1 operation is used under these conditions some means must be provided to store the indication of weft exhaustion from the time it is first given until the proper 2 time arrives in the cycle of the loom when replenishment can be initiated to effect transfer during the fourth pick.

It is another object of the present invention to provide means when operating 2 X 2 automatic to store an electric indication of weft exhaustion given at the end opposite the magazine to prevent premature use of the indication, and then complete the indication, preferably by the cam, two picks before the called transfer is to be completed.

In carrying the invention into effect two stations are provided for the weft detector, one under the magazine for 4 x 1 operation and the other at the opposite end of the loom for 2 x 2 operation. When indicating at the 2 x 2 station the detector charges a condenser which is later discharged through a replenishment controlling solenoid when the cam closes a normally open switch. The cam has two settings relatively to the loom, one for 4 x l and another for 2 x 2 operation, and closes the switch at two-pick intervals which occur at the correct time to utilize indication of exhaustion whether the loom be operating 4 x 1 or 2 x 2. I

With these and other objects in view which will appear as the description proceeds, our invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter described and set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein a convenient embodiment of our invention is set forth,

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of part of a weft replenishing loom having our invention applied thereto and adapted for 4 x 1 operation with the magazine and shuttle boxes thereunder in low position,

Fig. 2 is an enlarged detailed side elevation looking in the direction of arrow 2, Fig. 1, showing control means for the aforesaid actuating lever,

Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevation looking in the direction of arrow 3, Fig. 1, showing the cam in the position which it occupies with respect to its shaft on a detecting beat with the lay on front center when the loom is set for 4 x 1 automatic operation, 7

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 but showing the cam in the setting which it occupies when the m is operating 2 x 2 automatic,

Fig. 5 is an enlarged side elevation of the magazine looking in the direction of arrow 5, Fig. 1, showing the magazine in the high position which it occupies when the loom is operating 2 X 2 3 automatic and showing the shuttle boxes raised and in section,

Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan of an electric weft detector which may be used with the invention, showing the same as it would appear if located at the 2 x 2 station at the left end of the loom shown in Fig. 1,

Fig. '7 is a diagrammatic view of the electric circuits employed with the invention,

Figs. 8 and 9 are diagrammatic views showing the extreme positions in full and dotted lines which the shuttle boxes can occupy when the loom is operating 4 x 1 and 2 x 2, respectively, and

Fig. 10 is a timing diagram indicating the operations of the cam for the two settings of the loom.

Referring particularly to Fig. 1, the loom frame l supports a lay ll having a gang RG of two shuttle boxes at the right end thereof and another gang LG with four shuttle boxes at the left end thereof. These gangs are'mounted on box lifter rods l2 which are controlled by wellknown box shifting mechanism not shown.

The loom has top and bottom shafts l and 16, respectively, which are connected by gears l1 and I8, so proportioned that the bottom shaft [6 completes a rotation every second pick of the loom, while the-top shaft completes a rotation every pick of the loom. The lay is connected by 1 means not shown to the top shaft and completes a back and forth reciprocation once for each pick of the loom. During this reciproca tion the lay will pass through front, top, back and bottom center positions for each pick, designated respectively by F, T, K and B, Fig. 10. The gangs of shuttle boxes will ordinarily shift when the lay is in the forward part of its motion and is moving from bottom through front to top center position. The picking mechanism operates when the loom-is on top center and the picked shuttle is ordinarily in flight from top center through back center to bottom center while the boxes are at rest with respect to the lay. The right end of the 100m is provided with a four-stack stationary magazine M, see Fig. 5, having four normally down vertical bobbin releasers 20,; 2|, 22 and 23 under control of a selector 24 movable horizontally under control of a selector lever 25. The selector can occupy four different longitudinal positions for registry with the bobbin releasers one at a time, and can also have rocking movements in each of its four positions.

The rocking 'movements are imparted by a vertical rod 30 connected to the left end of an actuator lever 3| pivoted intermediate its ends 4 on a vertically reciprocating block 32.

is secured to the upper end of a rod 33 the lower endof which is connected to the forward end The block of a lever 34 the rear end of which is provided with a. roll 35 for cooperation with a cam designated generally at 36. Lever 34 is pivoted with respect to the loom at a point intermediate its length and operates to raise the actuator lever whenever roll 35 is depressed and vice versa.

When the selector rocks in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 1 it will raise the releaser registered with it to initiate a replenishing operation. Subsequently the serector rocks in a clockwise direction to depress fthe previously raised releaser the effect of which not only advances a bobbin from the corresponding stack to transfer position but also sets the magazine for a replenishing operation. setting includes the lifting of a transfer latch 37 4 to transfer position so that the lay by its advance movement may depress a transferer arm 38 to move the released bobbin into the depleted shuttle.

Down movements of lever 3| are normally idle, but can be interrupted by a controller pin when the latter is moved to controlling position under the lever. As shown in Fig. 2 lever 3| slides vertically in a stand 46 which also guides the horizontal pin 45. The latter is connected to the core 41 of a solenoid 48 secured to stand 46. When the solenoid is energized it moves pin 45 to controlling position under lever 3| the effect of which is to produce the aforesaid counterclockwise rocking of selector 24 to initiate a replenishment.

The weft detector D has two insulated fingers 50 and 51 mounted as set forth in prior application Serial No. 655,100, filed March 18, 1946, now Patent No. 2,433,102. These fingers are connected to wires 52 and 53 and the detector is supportable in either of two positions or stations, one 4 x 1 and the other 2 X 2. For the first station a stand 56 suspended from the magazine holds the detector in front of gang RG in the position shown at the right of Fig. 1. For the second station a stand projects from the left of the loom frame and holds the detector behind gang LG in position to detect the weft in the top box of the gang when the latter is up in the dotted line position of Fig. 9.

4 a: 1 operation In 4 x 1 automatic operation the detector will be in the 4 x 1 station at the right of the loom, and cam 36 will be set on shaft IE to move actuator lever 3| down when the shuttle is in the top box of gang RG and the lay is at front center.

Gang RG will be down throughout 4 x 1 operation, but gang LG will shift to four positions, see dotted lines, Fig. 8.

Indication of exhaustion by the detector in 4 x 1 station will close the following circuit: full wave rectifier R energized by transformer T, wire 55, resistance 51, switch 58, temporarily closed as will be described hereinafter, solenoid 48, wire 52, detector D, and wires 53 and 59 back to the rectifier. At this time a tappet 60 on cam 36 closes switch 58, see Fig. 3, and pin 45 moves under lever 3!. Cam 36 is so set with respect to the bottom shaft that it immediately causes downward movement of rod 33, thereby causing lever 31 to rock the selector in a counter-clockwise direction, Fig. 1, to initiate replenishment.

The shuttle is then picked on top center to the opposite side of the loom and if there is no shift of the gang LG the depleted shuttle will be picked back to the gang RG. Cam 36 then raises rod 33 to rock the selector in a clockwise direction to release a bobbin and set the magazine for transfer. This setting occurs during the second pick after indication of exhaustion and as the lay advances to the second front center position after the indicating front center the transferrer arm will be depressed and the released bobbin will be moved into the top box of the gang RG.

Under 4 x 1 operation, therefore, cam 36 causes down motion of rod 33 on the front center following picking of the depleted shuttle from the left side of the loom, and the two-pick cycle of replenishment initiated at that time is completed when the empty shuttle is at front center two picks after indication.

The shaft 16 has two key slots and 66 apart and each capable of receiving a key 61. The

cam has a single key slot 68, and under 4 x 1 operation the key will be in slot 65 and cam 36 will turn in the direction of arrow a, Fig. 3, to give actuator lever 3| the motions described.

2 a: 2 operation When the loom is operating 2 x 2 the gang RG will shift so that each of its two shuttle boxes can move to active position, and the top two shuttle boxes of gang LG will be alternately active as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 9. The detector will be on support 55 at the 2 x 2 station, and cam 36 will be moved around a half turn with respect to the bottom shaft It so that the key 61 occupies slots 66 and 68. When thus set cam 36 will cause down motion of rod 33 when the lay is at front center but with the depleted shuttle in gang LG.

In its new position cam 36, although causing motions of rod 33 one pick out of step with its 4 x 1 motions, is still on two-pick time and the motions given to rod 33 by the cam must be in such time relatively to indication of exhaustion by the detector as to delay initiation of a replenishin operation until two picks before the front center when the empty shuttle is fully up in gang RG. This requires that some provision be made to hold indication of weft exhaustion in abeyance during the first part of the aforesaid four pick cycle.

So far as the broader aspects of the invention are concerned any means may be used to effect this delay, but as shown herein we store a charge of electricity when indication of exhaustion is first given with the detector in the 2 X 2 station, and then utilize the stored charge to energize the solenoid at the beginning of the second pair of picks of the four-pick cycle.

In order to store the charge we utilize a normally discharged electric condenser C. When the detector at the 2 x 2 station indicates weft exhaustion in the raised top box of gang LG- with the lay on back center half a pick after the start of a four pick cycle, the following circuit will be closed: rectifier R, wire 56, Wire 18, condenser C, wires 19 and 80, the detector, and wires 8| and 59 back to the rectifier. Closure of this circuit charges the condenser C, but it is important at this time that switch 58 be open in order to prevent premature energization of the solenoid. This latter result is attained due to the fact that indication of weft exhaustion occurs after the front center at which cam 36 in its 2 x 2 setting moves tappet 63 away from switch 58. The latter will therefore be open when the condenser C is charged.

After the depleted shuttle enters the top box of gang LG at bottom center just before the start of a four-pick cycle the gang will shift upwardly,

and will be shifting at front center at the start of the cycle and will reach its high position at top center of the first of the four picks of the cycle. The lay continues its backward motion to back center, and the detector in the 2 x 2 station thereupon indicates exhaustion to charge the condenser during the first of the four picks of the cycle. At this time tappet 68 will have just passed switch 58, allowing it to return to open position. The lay then swings forwardly and again backwardly during the second pick with gang LG still up, and the detector will give another indication at the back center of the second pick. Cam 35 will have made a half turn between these two back centers, but cam tappet 60 will still be spaced from but approaching switch 58.

As the lay reaches bottom center during the second pick gang LG starts to move down and will be about one-half shifted at the next front center which starts the third pick of the cycle. By'this time tappet has closed switch 58 and the condenser discharges through the solenoid in the following circuit: condenser C, wire 78, resistance 51, switch 58, momentarily closed, solenoid 4'8 and wire l9 back to the condenser.

Closure of switch 58 causes the solenoid to move pin 45 under lever 3| to interrupt the normal downward movement of the actuator lever and cause the latter to initiate a replenishing operation. This occurs at the beginning of the third pick.

At top center during the third pick the depleted shuttle will be picked toward the top box of gang IRG, which will be down, and will box at or about bottom center of the th rd pick. Gang RG then rises and is moving upwardly at front center at the start of the fourth pick, but is not yet in position for transfer. As soon as the lay moves rearwardly from this front center position the cam will then give an upward movement to rod 33 to effect bobbin release and setting of the magazine, and as the lay moves forwardly to front center position at the end of the fourth pick transfer will occur, and the replenishing sequence will be completed.

The front center on which transfer occurs is two picks after the front center on which replenishment was initiated by closure of switch 58, but since cam 35 is on two-pick time, switch 58 will again be closed at transfer. Gang LG however was down at the back center of the third pick,

making it impossible for the detector to give an indication at that time, and since the condenser was completely discharged during the first closure of switch 58 at the beginning of the third pick of the sequence, it cannot initiate another replenishing cycle at transfer.

When operating 4 x 1 the detector, upon indication of exhaustion, may charge condenser C, but tappet 60 will hold switch 58 closed after the detector ceases to give indication, and the condenser will be discharged through the switch to prevent a false indication at the next closure of the switch.

Fig. 10 indicates diagrammatically the up and down motions of lever 3| and rod 33 for four successive picks for both the 4 x 1 and2 x 2 settings of cam 36. The upper curve 98 corresponds to 4 x 1 operation and the cam setting shown in Fig. 3, while the lower curve 9! is for 2 x 2 operations and corresponds to Fig. 4. The heavy horizontal lines 92 represent closure of switch 58 by tappet 65, and d and d2 the times when the detector can indicate for 4 x 1 and 2 x 2 operation, respectively.

With 4 x 1 operation rod 33, curve 98, starts down and switch 53, line 92, is closed at the start of the second and fourth picks, and the detector at 4 X 1 station can .indicate at each of these front centers. With 4 x 1 operation, therefore,

- a replenishing sequence can be initiated every second pick,'as at With 2 x 2 operation, rod 33, curve 9!, starts down and switch 58 is closed at the start of the first and third picks (due to a changed setting of cam 36), but the detector at 2 x 2 station can indicate only on the first and second back centers K. When operating 2 x 2 therefore a replenishing sequence can be initiated only every fourth pick, as at i2, and the detector cannot indicate on the third or fourth back centers because gang LG is down. On

7 curve 90 transfer can occur every second pick at 2", but on curve 9| it can occur only once every fourth pick, as at t. Fig. shows the simultaneous shift of the switch closure, lines 92, and down motion of rod 33 of one pick when the cam position is changed.

Although we have shown the 2 x 2 station behind the gang LG, we are not limited to this position, since it will be suflicient if the detector be so placed that it cannot give indication until after the first front center of Fig. 10, or after switch 58 has opened shortly after the start of the four-pick cycle. The 2 x 2 station could, for instance, be located above gang LG to enable the detector to feel for the shuttle in the top box when the gang reaches the up position shown in dotted lines, Fig. 9. A detector in this position is shown in U. S. Patent No. 2,065,770, December 29, 1936.

When operating 4 x 1 the selector shifts with gang LG, but when operating 2 x 2 it is necessary to provide some means for shifting the selector independently of box shifting. If a plain or one color pick and pick fabric is being woven all four stacks of the magazine will have reserve bobbins of the same kind, and a positioning cam of known construction can be operated to change registry of the selector with the releasers so that bobbins will be drawn uniformly and in rotation from the stacks of the magazine. If, on the other hand, the fabric has three colors which follow each other at one-pick intervals, three stacks with diverse bobbins will be used, and it will be necessary to shift the selector every fourth pick of the loom by known means to register with three of the releasers in rotation, the fourth stack being empty. The invention set forth herein can be used with either of these modes of operating 2 x 2, since the selector can be kept in register with any desired releaser throughout the replenishing operation from initiation to completion thereof.

From the foregoing it will be seen that we have provided an electric weft detecting system for a loom which can be operated either 4 x 1 or 2 x 2. The detector can occupy either of two detecting stations and cam 36 when set for either kind of operation will close switch 58 at the proper time to start a replenishing sequence. The cam tappet 63 will close switch 58 for operation of controller pin 45 just before the cam starts a downward movement of rod 33. The cam has its regular position for 4 x 1 operation, but is moved 180 on the bottom shaft for 2 x 2 operation. It will also be seen that the first indication of exhaustion when the detector is at the 2 x 2 station will charge a condenser while switch 58 is 'open. At a later time closure of switch 58 permits electric energy stored in the condenser to energize the solenoid. When operating 4 x 1, switch 58 can, if desired, be permanently closed, but if this is not done the cam will always close the switch during the detecting interval.

Having thus described our invention it will be seen that changes and modifications may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and we do not wish to be limited to the details herein disclosed, but what we claim is:

1. In an electric weft detecting system for a loom, a solenoid which when energized initiates a weft replenishing operation, an electric weft detector, a normally discharged electric condenser, electric circuit means effective when the detector indicates weft exhaustion to charge said condenser,=a normally open switch, means operative subsequent to indication by the detector to close said switch, and electric means including said solenoids, condenser and switch causing said condenser to energize said solenoid when said switch is closed.

2. 'In an electric weft detecting system having a solenoid which when energized initiates a weft replenishing operation in a loom, a normally discharged electric condenser, electric detecting means effective upon indication of weft exhaustion to charge said condenser, a normally open switch, means operative subsequent to indication of weft exhaustion to close said switch, and electric circuit means effective upon closure of said switch to cause said condenser to energize said solenoid.

3. In a weft replenishing loom having a solenoid which when energized initiates a weft replenishing operation of the loom, a normally discharged condenser, a weft detector, electric means charging the condenser when the detector indicates weft exhaustion, a switch open when the detector indicates exhaustion, a cam moving with the loom effective subsequent to indication of weft exhaustion to close said switch, and electric circuit means including the switch effective to cause the condenser to energize the solenoid when the switch is closed.

4. In a weft replenishing loom having a solenoid which when energized moves a controller to controlling position, a weft detector giving an indication of weft exhaustion at a given time in the cycle of operation of the loom, a normally open switch, a cam moving during loom operation and closing the switch subsequent to said point, electric means effective upon closure of the switch, provided the detector has given a prior indication of exhaustion, to energize the solenoid, and means operated by the cam cooperating with the controller when the latter is in controlling position to initiate a weft replenishing operation of the loom.

5. In an electric weft detecting system for a loom, a solenoid which when energized initiates a change in loom operation, an electric weft detector giving indication of weft exhaustion during a given interval, a normally open switch one side of which is connected to the solenoid, a normally discharged electric condenser in parallel with the switch and solenoid, electric means effective when the detector indicates weft exhaustion, provided the switch is closed, to energize the solenoid and charge the condenser, and means periodically closing said switch during said interval and keeping said switch closed subsequent to said interval to enable said condenser to discharge through the closed switch and solenoid and be incapable of energizing the solenoid on the next closure of said switch by said means.

6. In a weft replenishing loom having a reserve bobbin magazine, an electric weft detector, a train of mechanism for operation of the magazine, a controller for the mechanism, a rotating cam effective when the controller is in controllin position to cause said mechanism to operate the magazine to effect a weft replenishing operation of the loom, and electric circuit means closed by the cam at the time of indication of exhaustion by the detector and effective when closed to move the controller to controlling position.

'7. In a weft replenishing loom having a reserve bobbin magazine, an electric weft detector, a train of mechanism, a controller therefor, electric circuit means effective if closed when the detector indicates exhaustion to move the controller to controlling position, and a cam closing the circuit means at the time the detector indicates exhaustion and cooperating with the controller to cause said mechanism to effect a weft replenishing operation of the loom.

8. In a weft replenishing loom capable of 4 x 1,

or 2 x 2 automatic operation and having a reserve bobbin magazine at one end thereof mountable in a 4 x 1 setting in low position for regular multicolor 4 x 1 automatic operation with one active shuttle box at the magazine endand plural boxes for diverse shuttles at the opposite end, or mountable in a 2 x 2 setting in high position for pick and pick filling mixin single color 2 x 2 automatic operation with two shuttle boxes at each end of the loom for similar shuttles, a rotary cam completing a rotation in two picks of the loom and capable of a 4 x 1 setting relative to the loom or a 2 x 2 setting displaced angularly one half turn from the 4 X 1 setting, an electric weft detecting system having a 4 x 1 station adjacent to the magazine and a 2 x 2 station on the opposite side of the loom, a controller, mechanism actuated by the cam when the controller is in controlling position effective to initiate a replenishing operation on one pick and set the magazine for transfer during the next pick, a normally open electric switch in said system closed at two pick intervals by said cam, a solenoid in said system which when energized causes the controller to be in controlling position, an electric weft detector for the system capable of being at either of said stations and when indicating weft exhaustion at the 4 x 1 station with the magazine and cam in their 4 x 1 settings while the switch is closed by the cam causing the system to energize the solenoid, whereupon the loom effects transfer in a twopick interval corresponding to one rotation of the cam starting with indication of exhaustion, the detector when at the 2 x 2 station with the magazine and cam in their 2 x 2 settings indicating exhaustion while the switch is open, the system having provision for storing the indication and effective upon the next closure of the switch to energize the solenoid, whereupon the loom efi'ects transfer in a two pick interval starting with said next closure of the switch, said cam, switch, solenoid, controller and magazine operating in a two-pick interval for either setting of the loom.

9. In a weft replenishing loom capable of 4 x 1 or 2 x 2 automatic operation and having a reserve bobbin magazine at one end thereof mountable in a 4 x 1 setting in low position for regular multicolor 4 x l automatic operation with one active shuttle box at the magazine end and plural boxes for diverse shuttles at the opposite end, or mountable in a 2 x 2 setting in high position for pick and pick filling mixing single color 2 x 2 automatic operation with two shuttle boxes at each end of the loom for similar shuttles, the magazine eflecting bobbin transfer when the loom is on front center, a rotary cam capable of 4 x 1 setting relative to the loom or a 2 x 2 setting displaced angularly one half turn from the 4 x 1 setting and completing a rotation in two picks in either setting thereof, an electric weft detecting system having a 4 x 1 front center detecting station adjacent to the magazine and a 2 x 2 back center detecting station on the opposite side of the loom, a controller, mechanism actuated by the cam when the controller is in controlling position effective to initiate a replenishing operation on one pick and set the magazine for transfer during the next pick, a normally open electric switch in said system closed at two pick intervals by said cam when the loom is on front center, a solenoid in said system which when energized causes the controller to be in controlling position, an electric weft detector for the system capable of being at either of said stations and when indicating weft exhaustion at the 4 x 1 station when the loom is on front center and the magazine and cam have their 4 x 1 settings while the switch is closed by the cam causing the system to energize the solenoid, whereupon the 100m effects transfer in a twopick interval corresponding to one rotation of the cam starting with indication of exhaustion when the loom is on front center, the detector when at the 2 x 2 station with the magazine and cam in their 2 x 2 setting indicating exhaustion while the switch is open, the system having provision for storing the indication and effective upon the next closure of the switch to energize the solenoid, whereupon the loom effects transfer when on front center two picks after said next closure of the switch, said cam, switch, solenoid, controller and magazine operatin in a two-pick interval for either setting of the loom and the switch closing and. transfer occurring when the loom is on front center.

RAYMOND F. DION. WALTER H. WAKEFIELD. 

